What Is M390 Steel?
M390 is a third-generation powder metallurgy (PM) stainless steel developed by Bohler-Uddeholm, an Austrian-Swedish steelmaker. It is widely regarded as one of the most well-balanced premium blade steels available for high-end pocket knives, offering an exceptional combination of wear resistance, corrosion resistance, and edge retention.
Abstract crystalline pattern representing the uniform microstructure of premium powder metallurgy steel
As a powder metallurgy steel, M390 is manufactured by atomizing molten metal into fine powder particles, which are then compressed and sintered under high temperature and pressure. This process results in an extremely uniform microstructure with fine, evenly distributed carbides — the key to M390's performance advantages over conventional steels.
Abstract crystalline pattern representing the uniform microstructure of premium powder metallurgy steel.
Key Properties of M390 Steel
| Property | Rating | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Edge Retention | Excellent | Very high wear resistance due to abundant vanadium carbides |
| Corrosion Resistance | Excellent | High chromium content (20%) provides outstanding stain resistance |
| Toughness | Good | Adequate for most EDC applications, though not as tough as some simpler steels |
| Sharpenability | Moderate | Requires diamond abrasives due to high carbide volume |
According to Knife Steel Nerds, the combination of high chromium for corrosion resistance and high vanadium for wear resistance makes M390 a standout performer in the premium steel category.
M390 vs. Other Premium Steels
M390 competes in the same tier as other ultra-premium blade steels. Its balanced property profile gives it an edge over steels that excel in only one dimension:
- M390 vs. S35VN — M390 offers significantly better edge retention and corrosion resistance, though S35VN has greater toughness. S35VN is easier to sharpen on standard stones
- M390 vs. 20CV — These steels are nearly identical in composition and performance. In fact, M390, 20CV, and CTS-204P are considered sibling steels from different manufacturers
- M390 vs. D2 — M390 far surpasses D2 in corrosion resistance (D2 is semi-stainless) while offering superior wear resistance. M390 is, however, harder to sharpen
- M390 vs. 154CM — M390 provides roughly double the edge retention of 154CM with much better stain resistance, at the cost of being more difficult to sharpen
Why Knife Makers Choose M390
Premium knife manufacturers select M390 for their flagship models because it consistently delivers a high-performance edge that stays sharp longer. For the end user, this translates to less frequent sharpening and a blade that maintains its cutting ability through extended use.
M390 is particularly well suited for EDC pocket knives where corrosion resistance matters — it resists staining from acidic fruits, moisture, and everyday handling far better than less expensive steels. When heat-treated properly, M390 achieves a hardness of 60–62 HRC, providing an ideal balance of edge stability and wear resistance. For more on steel properties and classification, the available references provide useful background.
Considerations When Buying M390 Knives
- Sharpening equipment — Diamond or CBN abrasives are highly recommended; traditional stones may struggle with M390's hard carbides
- Heat treat matters — The steel's performance depends heavily on proper heat treatment by the manufacturer
- Cost factor — M390 knives sit at a higher price point, reflecting the material and processing costs
For those looking to explore premium folding knives, including models featuring high-performance blade steels, visit the Artisan Cutlery folding knife collection.
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